See dʰwes- on Wiktionary
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{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰews-óm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deuzą",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰews-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deuzaz",
"t": "wild, fierce, bold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰows-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dauša",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *dauša",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-"
},
"expansion": "(otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *dauša (otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dash",
"t": "ram"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dash (“ram”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dash (“ram”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dáuṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣas, *dáuṣāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daũsos",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "air; skies; heaven"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dȗxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dȗxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dȗxъ, *dyxъ? (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dūxàti",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dūxàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dūxàti (or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dъxnǫti",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dъxnǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dъxnǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰows-yo-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *dʰows-yo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *dʰows-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dáuṣjāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣjāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣjāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daũsios",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: daũsios f pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: daũsios f pl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dušà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dušà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dušà (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "dusios",
"t": "phantasm"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰwés-(e)-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dwéstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwéstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwéstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvė̃sti",
"t": "to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dvèst",
"t": "to breathe (heavily), cough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "zero-grade root present",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus- (zero-grade root present)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus- (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "издъшє",
"alt": "из-дъшє",
"t": "to breathe one's last, die"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-yé-ti",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus-yé-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duxati",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *duxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *duxati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-h₁yé-ti",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus-h₁yé-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus-h₁yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dusêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dusêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dusêt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dūsė́ti",
"t": "to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob”); ? dusė́ti (“to cough”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dyšàti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *dyšàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *dyšàti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰwēs-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰwēs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰwēs-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "initial *f expected"
},
"expansion": "(initial *f expected)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: (initial *f expected)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bēstia"
},
"expansion": "Latin: bēstia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: bēstia (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰuskos",
"alt": "*dʰus-ko-s",
"t": "dark-colored"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*duskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *duskaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *duskaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fuscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fuscus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fuscus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰuswós",
"alt": "*dʰus-wós",
"t": "dark, black, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-wós (“dark, black, brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-wós (“dark, black, brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "furvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: furvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: furvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰusnos",
"alt": "*dʰus-nos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-nos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dusnos",
"t": "dark, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dusnaz",
"t": "brownish; brown; yellow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dusnaz (“brownish; brown; yellow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dusnaz (“brownish; brown; yellow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dunstą",
"t": "mist, dust, evaporation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dustą",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dustą (“dust”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dustą (“dust”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dvoxati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dvoxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "analogical formation"
},
"expansion": "(analogical formation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti"
},
"expansion": "(or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dvoxati (analogical formation) (or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дво́хать",
"t": "to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дво́хать (dvóxatʹ, “to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дво́хать (dvóxatʹ, “to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dùsti",
"t": "to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dùsti (“to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dùsti (“to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *dʰewh₂-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: (or from *dʰewh₂-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dūsúoti",
"t": "to breathe heavily"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dvẽsele",
"t": "breath, soul"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dvẽsele (“breath, soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dvẽsele (“breath, soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dial."
},
"expansion": "(dial.)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvėselė",
"t": "soul; (dial.) strength"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvėselė (“soul; (dial.) strength”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvėselė (“soul; (dial.) strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvasia",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvasia (“soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvasia (“soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्वंसति",
"t": "he falls to dust",
"tr": "dhváṁsati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ash",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashokan Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "ধসা",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Bengali: ধসা (dhośa, “to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bengali: ধসা (dhośa, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "धस्नु",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: धस्नु (dhasnu, “to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: धस्नु (dhasnu, “to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhaṃsadi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhaṃsadi), 𑀥𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhasadi)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ધસવું",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: ધસવું (dhasvũ, “to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: ધસવું (dhasvũ, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "धँसना",
"t": "to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: धँसना (dhãsnā, “to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: धँसना (dhãsnā, “to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਢਹਿਣਾ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi: ਢਹਿਣਾ (ḍhahiṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਢਹਿਣਾ (ḍhahiṇā) / ڈھہنا (ḍhahiṇā, “to fall”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Seemingly related to *dʰewh₂- (“(to emit) smoke, vapor, mist, haze”), with which there may be confusion in some descendants.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰwes-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to breathe (in or out)"
],
"id": "en-dʰwes--ine-pro-root-sQkvnCEl",
"links": [
[
"breathe",
"breathe"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 56 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 79 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 78 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-dʰwes--ine-pro-root-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit, soul > creature"
],
"id": "en-dʰwes--ine-pro-root-TF0B0tLt",
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"soul",
"soul"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dust > dusty, murky color"
],
"id": "en-dʰwes--ine-pro-root-0Kythbbj",
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
],
[
"dusty",
"dusty"
],
[
"murky",
"murky"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "dʰwes-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰews-óm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deuzą",
"t": "animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰews-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deuzaz",
"t": "wild, fierce, bold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰows-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dauša",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *dauša",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-"
},
"expansion": "(otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *dauša (otherwise from *dʰeh₁-l-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dash",
"t": "ram"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dash (“ram”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dash (“ram”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dáuṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣas, *dáuṣāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daũsos",
"g": "f-p",
"t": "air; skies; heaven"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dȗxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dȗxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dȗxъ, *dyxъ? (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dūxàti",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dūxàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dūxàti (or from *duti, from *dʰewh₂-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dъxnǫti",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dъxnǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Slavic: *dъxnǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰows-yo-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *dʰows-yo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *dʰows-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dáuṣjāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣjāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dáuṣjāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "daũsios",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: daũsios f pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: daũsios f pl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dušà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dušà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dušà (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "dusios",
"t": "phantasm"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰwés-(e)-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dwéstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwéstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwéstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvė̃sti",
"t": "to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dvèst",
"t": "to breathe (heavily), cough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "zero-grade root present",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus- (zero-grade root present)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus- (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "издъшє",
"alt": "из-дъшє",
"t": "to breathe one's last, die"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-yé-ti",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus-yé-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duxati",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *duxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *duxati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰus-h₁yé-ti",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰus-h₁yé-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰus-h₁yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dusêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dusêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dusêt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dūsė́ti",
"t": "to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to gasp; to sob”); ? dusė́ti (“to cough”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dyšàti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *dyšàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *dyšàti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*dʰwēs-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *dʰwēs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *dʰwēs-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "initial *f expected"
},
"expansion": "(initial *f expected)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: (initial *f expected)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bēstia"
},
"expansion": "Latin: bēstia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: bēstia (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰuskos",
"alt": "*dʰus-ko-s",
"t": "dark-colored"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*duskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *duskaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *duskaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fuscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fuscus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fuscus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰuswós",
"alt": "*dʰus-wós",
"t": "dark, black, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-wós (“dark, black, brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-wós (“dark, black, brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "furvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: furvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: furvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰusnos",
"alt": "*dʰus-nos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-nos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-European: *dʰus-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dusnos",
"t": "dark, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dusnaz",
"t": "brownish; brown; yellow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dusnaz (“brownish; brown; yellow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dusnaz (“brownish; brown; yellow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dunstą",
"t": "mist, dust, evaporation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dustą",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dustą (“dust”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dustą (“dust”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dvoxati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dvoxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "analogical formation"
},
"expansion": "(analogical formation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti"
},
"expansion": "(or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dvoxati (analogical formation) (or from *dʰewh₂-; cf. also *dūxàti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дво́хать",
"t": "to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дво́хать (dvóxatʹ, “to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дво́хать (dvóxatʹ, “to breathe heavily; to gasp; to cough loudly”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dùsti",
"t": "to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dùsti (“to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dùsti (“to run out of breath, pant, gasp for air; to choke, stifle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *dʰewh₂-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: (or from *dʰewh₂-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dūsúoti",
"t": "to breathe heavily"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dvẽsele",
"t": "breath, soul"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dvẽsele (“breath, soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dvẽsele (“breath, soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dial."
},
"expansion": "(dial.)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvėselė",
"t": "soul; (dial.) strength"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvėselė (“soul; (dial.) strength”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvėselė (“soul; (dial.) strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dvasia",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dvasia (“soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dvasia (“soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्वंसति",
"t": "he falls to dust",
"tr": "dhváṁsati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ash",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashokan Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "ধসা",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Bengali: ধসা (dhośa, “to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bengali: ধসা (dhośa, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "धस्नु",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: धस्नु (dhasnu, “to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: धस्नु (dhasnu, “to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhaṃsadi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhaṃsadi), 𑀥𑀲𑀤𑀺 (dhasadi)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ધસવું",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: ધસવું (dhasvũ, “to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: ધસવું (dhasvũ, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "धँसना",
"t": "to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: धँसना (dhãsnā, “to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: धँसना (dhãsnā, “to be submerged, sink drown; to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਢਹਿਣਾ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi: ਢਹਿਣਾ (ḍhahiṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਢਹਿਣਾ (ḍhahiṇā) / ڈھہنا (ḍhahiṇā, “to fall”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Seemingly related to *dʰewh₂- (“(to emit) smoke, vapor, mist, haze”), with which there may be confusion in some descendants.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰwes-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to breathe (in or out)"
],
"links": [
[
"breathe",
"breathe"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit, soul > creature"
],
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"soul",
"soul"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dust > dusty, murky color"
],
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
],
[
"dusty",
"dusty"
],
[
"murky",
"murky"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "dʰwes-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.